What is gliosis?

Gliosis refers to the process by which astrocytes, a type of supportive cell in the brain and spinal cord, multiply and substantially increase in size and number in response to injury or disease. Gliosis is a common reaction to a range of conditions that damage the central nervous system (CNS), such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.

During gliosis, astrocytes form a scar tissue that separates damaged or diseased areas from healthy tissue, similar to the role of scar tissue in healing other parts of the body. However, this scar tissue can also contribute to the symptoms of CNS disorders, as it can interfere with the connections between neurons and impede nerve signaling.

Gliosis is a complex process that involves a series of biochemical changes and interactions between various cells in the CNS. While it may initially serve as a protective response, long-term gliosis can contribute to chronic inflammation and further damage to the CNS. Treatment of gliosis generally focuses on managing the underlying condition that caused it and reducing inflammation.