The base effect1 relates to inflation in the corresponding period of the previous year, if the inflation rate was too low in the corresponding period of the previous year, even a smaller rise in the Price Index will arithmetically give a high rate of inflation now. On the other hand, if the price index had risen at a high rate in the corresponding period of the previous year and recorded high inflation rate, a similar absolute increase in the price index now will show a lower inflation rate now.
An example of the base effect:
:The Price Index is 100, 150, and 200 in each of three consecutive
periods, called 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The increase of 50 from
period 1 to period 2 gives a percentage increase of 50%, but the
increase from period 2 to period 3, despite being the same as the
previous increase in absolute terms, gives a percentage increase of only
33.33%. This is due to the relatively large difference in the bases on
which the percentages are calculated (100 vs 150).
Original source: base effect. Shared with Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
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