What is 1988?

1988 was a crucial year in the early history of the Internet—it was the year of the first well-known computer virus, the 1988 Internet worm. The first permanent intercontinental Internet link was made between the United States (NSFNET) and Europe (Nordunet) as well as the first Internet-based chat protocol, Internet Relay Chat.¹ The concept of the World Wide Web was first discussed at CERN in 1988.²

The Soviet Union began its major deconstructing towards a mixed economy at the beginning of 1988 and began its gradual dissolution. The Iron Curtain began to disintegrate in 1988 as Hungary began allowing freer travel to the Western world.³ The first extrasolar planet, Gamma Cephei Ab (confirmed in 2002) was detected this year and the World Health Organization began its mission to eradicate polio.

Events

January

• January – The cargo ship Khian Sea deposits 4,000 tons of toxic waste in Haiti after wandering around the Atlantic for sixteen months.⁴
• January 1 – The Soviet Union begins its program of economic restructuring (perestroika) with legislation initiated by Premier Mikhail Gorbachev (though Gorbachev had begun minor restructuring in 1985).⁵
• January 7–8 – In the Afghan War, 39 men of the Soviet Airborne Troops from the 345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment fight off an attack by 200 to 250 Mujahideen in the Battle for Hill 3234, later dramatized in the Russian film The 9th Company.⁶
• January 13 – Vice-President Lee Teng-hui takes over as President of the Republic of China and Chairman of the Kuomintang following the death of Chiang Ching-kuo.⁷

February

• February 12 – The 1988 Black Sea bumping incident: Soviet frigate Bezzavetnyy intentionally rams USS Yorktown in Soviet territorial waters while Yorktown claims innocent passage. The accompanying US destroyer escapes damage.⁸
• February 13–28 – The 1988 Winter Olympics are held in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.⁹
• February 17
  • 1988 Oshakati bomb blast: A bomb explodes outside the First National Bank in Oshakati, Namibia, killing 27 and injuring 70.¹⁰
  • U.S. Lieutenant Colonel William R. Higgins, serving with a United Nations group monitoring a truce in southern Lebanon, is kidnapped (and later killed by his captors).
• February 20 – The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast votes to secede from the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic and join the Armenian SSR, triggering the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.
• February 23 – Start of Anfal campaign, a genocidal counterinsurgency operation within the Iran–Iraq War carried out by Ba'athist Iraqi forces led by Ali Hassan al-Majid on the orders of President Saddam Hussein that will kill between 50,000 and 182,000 Kurds in Iraqi Kurdistan.¹¹¹²
• February 25 – The constitution of the Sixth Republic of Korea comes into effect.
• February 27–29 – Collapse of the Soviet Union: The Sumgait pogrom of Armenians occurs in Sumqayit.
• February 29 – A Nazi document implicates Kurt Waldheim in World War II deportations.

March

• March 6 – Operation Flavius: A Special Air Service team of the British Army shoots dead 3 unarmed members of a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) Active service unit in Gibraltar.¹³
• March 16
  • The Halabja chemical attack is carried out by Iraqi government forces.¹⁴
  • Iran–Contra affair: Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North and Vice Admiral John Poindexter are indicted on charges of conspiracy to defraud the United States.
  • Milltown Cemetery attack: Three men are killed and 70 wounded in a gun and grenade attack by loyalist paramilitary Michael Stone on mourners at Milltown Cemetery in Belfast, Northern Ireland, during the funerals of the 3 IRA members killed in Gibraltar.¹⁵
  • In the United States, the First Republic Bank of Texas fails and enters FDIC receivership, the largest FDIC assisted bank failure in history.¹⁶
• March 17
  • A Colombian Boeing 727 jetliner, Avianca Flight 410, crashes into the side of the mountains near the Venezuelan border, killing 143 people.
  • Eritrean War of Independence – Battle of Afabet: The Nadew Command, an Ethiopian army corps in Eritrea, is attacked on 3 sides by military units of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF).
• March 19 – Corporals killings in Belfast: Two British Army corporals are abducted, beaten and shot dead by Irish republicans after driving into the funeral cortege of IRA members killed in the Milltown Cemetery attack.¹⁷
• March 20 – Eritrean War of Independence: Having defeated the Nadew Command, the EPLF enters the town of Afabet, victoriously concluding the Battle of Afabet.
• March 24 – The first McDonald's restaurant in a country run by a Communist party opens in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.¹⁸ In 1989 it will be followed by one in Budapest, and in 1990 in Moscow and Shenzhen, China.
• March 25 – The Candle demonstration in Bratislava, Slovakia, is the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the socialist government in Czechoslovakia.

April

<figure> <img src="OperationPrayingMantis-IS_Alvand.jpg" title="The Iranian frigate, IS Alvand, attacked by US Navy forces during Operation Praying Mantis" width="200" alt="The Iranian frigate, IS Alvand, attacked by US Navy forces during Operation Praying Mantis" /> <figcaption aria-hidden="true">The Iranian frigate, IS <em>Alvand</em>, attacked by US Navy forces during <a href="Operation_Praying_Mantis" title="wikilink">Operation Praying Mantis</a></figcaption> </figure>

• April 5 – Kuwait Airways Flight 422 is hijacked while en route from Bangkok, Thailand, to Kuwait. The hijackers demand the release of 17 Shiite Muslim prisoners held by Kuwait. Kuwait refuses to release the prisoners, leading to a 16-day siege across 3 continents. Two passengers are killed before the siege ends.
• April 10 – The Ojhri Camp Disaster occurs in Islamabad and Rawalpindi.
• April 14
  • In the Geneva Accords, the Soviet Union commits itself to withdrawal of its forces from Afghanistan.
  • The USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) strikes a naval mine in the Persian Gulf, while deployed on Operation Earnest Will, during the Tanker War phase of the Iran–Iraq War.
• April 16 – Israeli commandos kill the PLO's Abu Jihad in Tunisia.
• April 18 – The United States Navy retaliates for the mining with Operation Praying Mantis, in a day of strikes against Iranian oil platforms and naval vessels.
• April 20 – The world's longest skyjacking comes to an end when the remaining passengers of Kuwait Airways Flight 422 are released by their captors.
• April 28 – Aloha Airlines Flight 243 safely lands after losing its roof in midair, killing a flight attendant and injuring 65 people.¹⁹
• April 30 – World Expo 88 opens in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

May

• May 8 – Re-election of François Mitterrand as President of France for 7 years.
• May 15 – Soviet–Afghan War: After more than 8 years of fighting, the Soviet Army begins its withdrawal from Afghanistan.
• May 16–18 – 1988 Gilgit massacre: A revolt by the Shias of Gilgit (in northern Pakistan) is ruthlessly suppressed by the Zia-ul Haq regime.
• May 27–29 – Somaliland War of Independence: Somali National Movement launches a major offensive against Somali government forces in Hargeisa and Burao, then second and third largest cities of Somalia.²⁰²¹

June

• June 10–14 – Spontaneous 100,000 strong mass night-singing demonstrations in Estonian SSR eventually give name to the Singing Revolution.
• June 10–25 – West Germany hosts the UEFA Euro 1988 football tournament, which is won by the Netherlands.
• June 23 – NASA scientist James Hansen testifies to the U.S. Senate that man-made global warming has begun, becoming one of the first environmentalists to warn of the problem.²²
• June 27
  • The Gare de Lyon rail accident occurs in Paris, France as a commuter train headed inbound to the terminal crashes into a stationary outbound train, killing 56 and injuring 57.²³
  • Villa Tunari massacre: Bolivian anti-narcotics police kills 9 to 12 and injuries over a hundred protesting coca-growing peasants.^24252627
• June 30 – Roman Catholic Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrates four bishops at Écône, Switzerland, for his apostolate, along with Bishop Antonio de Castro Mayer, without a papal mandate.

July

• July 1 – The Soviet Union votes to end the CPSU's monopoly on economic and other non-political power and to further economic changes towards a less rigidly Marxist-Leninist economy.²⁸
• July 3
  • The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey, is completed, providing the second connection between the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosphorus.
  • Iran Air Flight 655 is shot down by a missile launched from the , killing a total of 290 people on board.
• July 6 – The Piper Alpha production platform in the North Sea is destroyed by explosions and fires, killing 165 oil workers and 2 rescue mariners. 61 workers survive.²⁹
• July 31 – Thirty-two people are killed and 1,674 injured when a bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry terminal collapses in Butterworth, Penang, Malaysia.³⁰

August

• August 5 – The 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis culminates in the ousting of the Lord President of Malaysia, Salleh Abas.³¹
• August 8 – 8888 Uprising: Thousands of protesters in Burma, now known as Myanmar, are killed during anti-government demonstrations.
• August 11 – A meeting of Islamic Jihadi leaders, including Osama bin Laden, takes place, leading to the founding of Al-Qaeda.³²
• August 17 – Pakistani President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and the U.S. ambassador to Pakistan, Arnold Lewis Raphel, are among those killed when a plane crashes and explodes near Bahawalpur.³³
• August 20 – A ceasefire effectively ends the Iran–Iraq War, with an estimated one million lives lost.³⁴
• August 21 – The 6.9 Nepal earthquake shakes the Nepal–India border with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), leaving 709–1,450 people killed and thousands injured.
• August 28 – Seventy-five people are killed and 346 injured in one of the worst air show disasters in history at Germany's Ramstein Air Base, when three jets from the Italian air demonstration team, Frecce Tricolori, collide, sending one of the aircraft crashing into the crowd of spectators.³⁵

September

• September 11 – Singing Revolution: In the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 300,000 people gather to express their support for independence.³⁶
• September 12 – Hurricane Gilbert devastates Jamaica; it turns towards Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula 2 days later, causing an estimated $5 billion in damage.
• September 15 – The International Olympic Committee awards Lillehammer the right to host the 1994 Winter Olympics.³⁷
• September 17–October 2 – The 1988 Summer Olympics are held in Seoul, South Korea.³⁸
• September 22 – The Ocean Odyssey drilling rig suffers a blowout and fire in the North Sea (see also July 6), resulting in one death.³⁹
• September 29 – STS-26: NASA resumes Space Shuttle flights, grounded after the Challenger disaster, with Space Shuttle Discovery.

October

• October 5
  • Thousands riot in Algiers, Algeria against the National Liberation Front government; by October 10 the army has tortured and killed about 500 people in crushing the riots.
  • Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet loses a national plebiscite on his rule; he relinquishes power in 1990.
  • Promulgation of the 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil.
• October 12
  • Walsh Street police shootings: Two Victoria Police officers are gunned down, execution style, in Australia.⁴⁰
  • The Birchandra Manu massacre occurs in Tripura, India.⁴¹
• October 20 – The Los Angeles Dodgers won 4 games to 1 in the 1988 World Series against the Oakland Athletics.
• October 27 – Ronald Reagan decides to tear down the new U.S. Embassy in Moscow because of Soviet listening devices in the building structure.
• October 28 – Abortion: 48 hours after announcing it was abandoning RU-486, French manufacturer Roussel Uclaf states that it will resume distribution of the drug.
• October 29 – Pakistan's General Rahimuddin Khan resigns from his post as the governor of Sindh, following attempts by the President of Pakistan, Ghulam Ishaq Khan, to limit the powers Rahimuddin had accumulated.⁴²
• October 30 – Jericho bus firebombing: Five Israelis are killed and five wounded in a Palestinian attack in the West Bank.⁴³

November

• November – TAT-8, the first transatlantic telephone cable to use optical fibers, is completed. This led to more robust connections between the American and European Internet.⁴⁴
• November 2 – The Morris worm, the first computer worm distributed via the Internet, written by Robert Tappan Morris, is launched from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the U.S.⁴⁵
• November 3 – Sri Lankan Tamil mercenaries try to overthrow the Maldivian government. At President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom's request, the Indian military suppresses the coup attempt within 24 hours.
• November 6 – The 1988 Lancang–Gengma earthquakes kills at least 938 people when it strikes the China–Myanmar border region in Yunnan.⁴⁶
• November 8 – The United States Vice-President and Republican nominee George H. W. Bush, defeats the Democratic nominee and Governor of Massachusetts, Michael Dukakis, in the 1988 United States Presidential Election.
• November 15
  • In the Soviet Union, the unmanned Shuttle Buran is launched by an Energia rocket on its maiden orbital spaceflight (the first and last space flight for the shuttle).
  • Israeli–Palestinian conflict: An independent State of Palestine is proclaimed at the Palestinian National Council meeting in Algiers, by a vote of 253–46.
  • The very first Fairtrade label, Max Havelaar, is launched by Nico Roozen, Frans van der Hoff and ecumenical development agency Solidaridad in the Netherlands.
• November 16
  • Singing Revolution: The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR adopts the Estonian Sovereignty Declaration in which the laws of the Estonian SSR are declared supreme over those of the Soviet Union. The USSR declares it unconstitutional on November 26. It is the first declaration of sovereignty from Moscow of any Soviet or Eastern Bloc entity.⁴⁷
  • In the first open election in more than a decade, voters in Pakistan choose populist candidate Benazir Bhutto to be Prime Minister. Elections are held as planned despite head of state Zia-ul-Haq's death earlier in August.⁴⁸
• November 23 – Former Korean president Chun Doo-hwan makes a formal apology for corruption during his presidency, announcing he will go into exile.⁴⁹

December

• December 1
  • Carlos Salinas de Gortari takes office as President of Mexico.⁵⁰
  • The first World AIDS Day is held.⁵¹
• December 2
  • Benazir Bhutto is sworn in as Prime Minister of Pakistan, becoming the first woman to head the government of an Islam-dominated state.⁵²
  • A cyclone in Bangladesh leaves 5 million homeless and thousands dead.⁵³
• December 6 – The Australian Capital Territory is granted self-government by the Australian Capital Territory (Self-Government) Act 1988.⁵⁴
• December 7 – In Soviet Armenia, the 6.8 Spitak earthquake kills nearly 25,000, injures 31,000 and leaves 400,000 homeless.⁵⁵
• December 12 – The Clapham Junction rail crash in London kills 35 and injures 132.⁵⁶
• December 16 – Perennial U.S. presidential candidate Lyndon LaRouche is convicted of mail fraud.⁵⁷
• December 20 – The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances is signed at Vienna.⁵⁸
• December 21 – Pan Am Flight 103 is blown up over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing a total of 270 people. Libya is suspected of involvement.⁵⁹

Date unknown

• Near the end of the year, the first proper and official Internet connection between North America and Europe is made between Princeton, New Jersey, United States, and Stockholm, Sweden.⁶⁰
• Zebra mussels, a species originally native to the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine, are found in the Great Lakes of North America.⁶¹

Births

January

<img src="Haley_Bennett_during_an_interview,_December_2021.png" title="Haley Bennett" width="100" alt="Haley Bennett" /> <img src="Skrillex.jpg" title="Skrillex" width="100" alt="Skrillex" /> <img src="Kerber_EBN17_(18)_(35046161064).jpg" title="Angelique Kerber" width="100" alt="Angelique Kerber" />

• January 3 – Jonny Evans, Northern Irish footballer⁶²
• January 5 – Azizulhasni Awang, Malaysian track cyclist⁶³
• January 7 – Haley Bennett, American actress and singer⁶⁴
• January 8 – Alex Tyus, American-Israeli basketball player⁶⁵
• January 12 – Claude Giroux, Canadian ice hockey player⁶⁶
• January 15 – Skrillex, American musician and DJ
• January 16
  • Nicklas Bendtner, Danish footballer⁶⁷
  • FKA Twigs, English singer-songwriter, record producer, director and dancer⁶⁸
  • Li Xiaoxia, Chinese table tennis player⁶⁹
• January 18 – Angelique Kerber, German tennis player⁷⁰
• January 21
  • Ashton Eaton, American decathlete⁷¹
  • Glaiza de Castro, Filipino actress and singer⁷²
• January 27 – Liu Wen, Chinese model⁷³
• January 29 – Stephanie Gilmore, Australian surfer⁷⁴

February

<img src="NIG-ARG_(5).jpg" title="Ángel Di María" width="100" alt="Ángel Di María" /> <img src="Maiara_Walsh_2010.jpg" title="Maiara Walsh" width="100" alt="Maiara Walsh" /> <img src="Rihanna_Fenty_2018.png" title="Rihanna" width="100" alt="Rihanna" />

• February 3
  • Cho Kyuhyun, Korean singer⁷⁵
  • Gregory van der Wiel, Dutch footballer⁷⁶
  • Kamil Glik, Polish footballer⁷⁷
• February 4 – Carly Patterson, American gymnast⁷⁸
• February 7
  • Ai Kago, Japanese singer⁷⁹
  • Lee Joon, South Korean idol singer (MBLAQ), dancer, actor and model⁸⁰
• February 12 – Nicolás Otamendi, Argentinian footballer⁸¹
• February 13 – Aston Merrygold, English singer⁸²
• February 14 – Ángel Di María, Argentine footballer⁸³
• February 16
  • Zhang Jike, Chinese table tennis player⁸⁴
  • Kim Soo-hyun, South Korean actor
• February 17 – Natascha Kampusch, Austrian television hostess and kidnapping victim⁸⁵
• February 18 – Changmin, South Korean singer-songwriter and actor
• February 20 – Rihanna, Barbadian pop singer⁸⁶
• February 21 – Matthias de Zordo, German javelin thrower⁸⁷
• February 22
  • Ximena Navarrete, Mexican actress, Miss Universe 2010⁸⁸
  • Efraín Juárez, Mexican footballer⁸⁹
• February 28 – Markéta Irglová, Czech songwriter
• February 29
  • Lena Gercke, German fashion model
  • Benedikt Höwedes, German footballer

March

<img src="Stephen_Curry_Shooting_(cropped).jpg" title="Stephen Curry" width="100" alt="Stephen Curry" /> <img src="Big_Sean_2016_October.jpg" title="Big Sean" width="100" alt="Big Sean" /> <img src="Brenda_Song_2009_(Cropped).jpg" title="Brenda Song" width="100" alt="Brenda Song" />

• March 2 – Matthew Mitcham, Australian diver⁹⁰
• March 4 – Gal Mekel, Israeli basketball player⁹¹
• March 6
  • Agnes, Swedish recording artist⁹²
  • Simon Mignolet, Belgian footballer
  • Lee Seung-hoon, South Korean speed skater⁹³
• March 10 – Ivan Rakitić, Croatian and Swiss footballer⁹⁴
• March 11 – Fábio Coentrão, Portuguese footballer⁹⁵
• March 12 – Sebastian Brendel, German canoeist
• March 14 – Stephen Curry, American basketball player⁹⁶
• March 16 – Jhené Aiko, American singer-songwriter⁹⁷
• March 19 – Zhou Lulu, Chinese weightlifter⁹⁸
• March 21 – Josepmir Ballón, Peruvian footballer⁹⁹
• March 23 – Jason Kenny, British cyclist¹⁰⁰
• March 25
  • Big Sean, American rapper
  • Ryan Lewis, American musician
• March 27
  • Jessie J, English singer-songwriter¹⁰¹
  • Brenda Song, American actress¹⁰²
  • Atsuto Uchida, Japanese footballer¹⁰³
• March 28 – Lacey Turner, English actress¹⁰⁴

April

<img src="Jesse_Plemons_(20769593584).jpg" title="Jesse Plemons" width="100" alt="Jesse Plemons" /> <img src="Ricky_Berens_(4800342335)_(cropped2).jpg" title="Ricky Berens" width="100" alt="Ricky Berens" /> <img src="LizzoBrixt06Nov19-10_(49216792848)_(cropped).jpg" title=" Lizzo" width="100" alt=" Lizzo" /> <img src="Ana_de_Armas_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" title="Ana de Armas" width="100" alt="Ana de Armas" />

• April 2 – Jesse Plemons, American film and television actor¹⁰⁵
• April 5 – Daniela Luján, Mexican pop singer and actress
• April 7 – Ed Speleers, British actor
• April 8 – Stephanie Cayo, Peruvian actress, singer-songwriter and model
• April 10 – Haley Joel Osment, American actor¹⁰⁶
• April 14 – Roberto Bautista Agut, Spanish tennis player
• April 15 – Eliza Doolittle, English singer-songwriter
• April 18
  • Vanessa Kirby, English actress and model¹⁰⁷¹⁰⁸
  • Kayleigh McEnany, White House press secretary¹⁰⁹
• April 21
  • Robbie Amell, Canadian-American actor and producer
  • Ricky Berens, American Olympic swimmer¹¹⁰
• April 23 – Alistair Brownlee, English triathlete¹¹¹
• April 25 – Laura Lepisto, Finnish figure skater¹¹²
• April 27 – Lizzo, American singer-songwriter and rapper¹¹³
• April 28 – Juan Mata, Spanish footballer¹¹⁴
• April 29 – Jonathan Toews, Canadian ice hockey player¹¹⁵
• April 30 – Ana de Armas, Cuban actress¹¹⁶

May

<img src="Anushka_Sharma_promoting_Zero.jpg" title="Anushka Sharma" width="100" alt="Anushka Sharma" /> <img src="Adele_2016.jpg" title="Adele" width="100" alt="Adele" /> <img src="Blac_Chyna_by_dvsross.jpg" title="Blac Chyna" width="143" height="143" alt="Blac Chyna" />

• May 1 – Anushka Sharma, Indian actress¹¹⁷
• May 4 – Radja Nainggolan, Belgian footballer¹¹⁸
• May 6 – Dakota Kai, New Zealand wrestler
• May 5 – Adele, British singer-songwriter¹¹⁹
• May 11
  • Ace Hood, American rapper¹²⁰
  • Blac Chyna, American model and entrepreneur¹²¹
  • Brad Marchand, Canadian ice hockey player¹²²
• May 12 – Marcelo Vieira, Brazilian footballer
• May 16 – Behati Prinsloo, Namibian model¹²³
• May 17 – Nikki Reed, American actress¹²⁴
• May 18 – Taeyang, South Korean recording artist and model
• May 21 – Park Gyu-ri, South Korean idol singer¹²⁵
• May 25 – Cameron van der Burgh, South African Olympic swimmer¹²⁶
• May 26
  • Dani Samuels, Australian discus thrower
  • Juan Cuadrado, Colombian footballer

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• May 27
  • Geoffrey Couët, French actor and comedian
  • Stevin John, American children's entertainer
• May 28 – Cheng Fei, Chinese gymnast
• May 29 – Tobin Heath, American women's soccer player¹²⁷

June

<img src="Agüero_in_2018.jpg" title="Sergio Agüero" width="100" alt="Sergio Agüero" /> <img src="Michael_Cera_2012_(Cropped).jpg" title="Michael Cera" width="100" alt="Michael Cera" /> <img src="Claire_Holt_at_PaleyFest_2014.jpg" title="Claire Holt" width="100" alt="Claire Holt" />

• June 2
  • Sergio Agüero, Argentine footballer¹²⁸
  • Amber Marshall, Canadian actress
  • Staniliya Stamenova, Bulgarian canoeist¹²⁹
  • Awkwafina, American actress¹³⁰
• June 7
  • Michael Cera, Canadian actor, comedian, producer and singer-songwriter¹³¹
  • Ekaterina Makarova, Russian tennis player¹³²
  • Milan Lucic, Canadian ice hockey player
• June 9
  • Mae Whitman, American actress, voice actress and singer¹³³
  • Sokratis Papastathopoulos, Greek footballer¹³⁴
• June 11 – Claire Holt, Australian actress¹³⁵
• June 12 – Eren Derdiyok, Swiss footballer
• June 14 – Kevin McHale, American actor, dancer and singer¹³⁶
• June 16
  • Banks, American singer-songwriter¹³⁷
  • Thierry Neuville, Belgian rally driver
• June 17 – Stephanie Rice, Australian swimmer¹³⁸
• June 18 – Josh Dun, American drummer¹³⁹
• June 22
  • Portia Doubleday, American actress
  • Dean Furman, South African footballer^140141142143
• June 23 – Chellsie Memmel, American gymnast¹⁴⁴
• June 25 – Therese Johaug, Norwegian cross-country skier¹⁴⁵
• June 27 – Matthew Spiranovic, Australian soccer player¹⁴⁶
• June 29 – Éver Banega, Argentine footballer

July

<figure> <img src="Julianne_Hough_(25831904580)_(cropped).jpg" title="Julianne Hough" width="100" alt="Julianne Hough" /> <figcaption aria-hidden="true"><a href="Julianne_Hough" title="wikilink">Julianne Hough</a></figcaption> </figure>

• July 1 – Aleksander Lesun, Russian modern pentathlete¹⁴⁷
• July 2 – Lee Chung-yong, South Korean footballer¹⁴⁸
• July 4 – Angelique Boyer, French-Mexican actress and singer¹⁴⁹
• July 10 – Sarkodie, Ghanaian hip hop artist¹⁵⁰
• July 13
  • Colton Haynes, American actor and model¹⁵¹
  • Tulisa Contostavlos, British singer-songwriter¹⁵²
• July 14 – Conor McGregor, Irish mixed martial artist¹⁵³
• July 16
  • Eric Johannesen, German rower¹⁵⁴
  • Sergio Busquets, Spanish footballer¹⁵⁵
• July 20 – Julianne Hough, American ballroom dancer, country music singer and actress¹⁵⁶
• July 21 – DeAndre Jordan, American basketball player
• July 22 – Noriko Senge, Japanese princess¹⁵⁷
• July 24 – Han Seung-yeon, South Korean singer and actress¹⁵⁸
• July 25 – Sarah Geronimo, Filipina singer and actress
• July 26 – Francia Raisa, American actress
• July 31 – Charlie Carver, American actor

August

<img src="Mø_(203141).jpg" title="MØ" width="100" alt="MØ" /> <img src="Kacey_Musgraves_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg" title="Kacey Musgraves" width="100" alt="Kacey Musgraves" />

• August 1 – Max Carver, American actor
• August 5 – Federica Pellegrini, Italian swimmer¹⁵⁹
• August 8 – Princess Beatrice of York, British princess¹⁶⁰
• August 9 – Willian, Brazilian footballer¹⁶¹
• August 11 – Irfan Bachdim, Indonesian footballer¹⁶²
• August 12 – Tyson Fury, British boxer¹⁶³
• August 13 – MØ, Danish singer
• August 18 – G-Dragon, South Korean rapper, singer-songwriter and fashion icon¹⁶⁴
• August 19 – Veronica Roth, American novelist and short story writer¹⁶⁵
• August 21
  • Kacey Musgraves, American country music artist¹⁶⁶
  • Robert Lewandowski, Polish footballer¹⁶⁷
• August 25
  • Alexandra Burke, English singer¹⁶⁸
  • Giga Chikadze, Georgian mixed martial artist ¹⁶⁹
• August 28 – Rosie MacLennan, Canadian trampoline gymnast¹⁷⁰
• August 29 – Bartosz Kurek, Polish volleyball player¹⁷¹

September

<img src="Ger-Mex_(6)_(cropped).jpg" title="Jérôme Boateng" width="100" alt="Jérôme Boateng" /> <img src="Golden_State_Warriors_Small_Forward_Kevin_Durant_(cropped).jpg" title="Kevin Durant" width="100" alt="Kevin Durant" />

• September 1 – Simona de Silvestro, Swiss racing driver
• September 2 – Ishant Sharma, Indian cricketer¹⁷²
• September 3 – Jérôme Boateng, German footballer
• September 5
  • Nuri Şahin, Turkish footballer¹⁷³
  • Felipe Caicedo, Ecuadorian association footballer
• September 6 – Sargun Mehta, Indian model, comedian, dancer, presenter and actress.
• September 7 – Kevin Love, American basketball player¹⁷⁴
• September 9 – Sergey Stanev, Bulgarian footballer of Ukrainian descent¹⁷⁵
• September 10 – Coco Rocha, Canadian fashion model¹⁷⁶
• September 11 – Lee Yong-dae, South Korean male badminton player¹⁷⁷
• September 12 – Prachi Desai, Indian film and television actress¹⁷⁸
• September 14 – Martin Fourcade, French biathlete¹⁷⁹
• September 15 – Chelsea Kane, American actress and singer
• September 21 – Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, Pakistani politician¹⁸⁰
• September 23 – Juan Martín del Potro, Argentine tennis player¹⁸¹
• September 26
  • Kiira Korpi, Finnish figure skater¹⁸²
  • James Blake, English electronic music producer and singer-songwriter¹⁸³
• September 27 – Alma, French singer-songwriter¹⁸⁴
• September 29 – Kevin Durant, American basketball player¹⁸⁵

October

<img src="Cariba_Heine.jpg" title="Cariba Heine" width="100" alt="Cariba Heine" /> <img src="Alicia_Vikander_-_Tokyo_International_Film_Festival_2019_(49013506278)_(cropped).jpg" title="Alicia Vikander" width="100" alt="Alicia Vikander" /> <img src="A$AP_Rocky_UIT_2013_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg" title=" A$AP Rocky" width="100" alt=" A$AP Rocky" /> <img src="Melissa_Benoist_(48477063086)_(cropped).jpg" title="Melissa Benoist" width="100" alt="Melissa Benoist" /> <img src="Mesut_Özil_at_Baku_before_2019_UEFA_Europe_League_Final.jpg" title="Mesut Özil" width="100" alt="Mesut Özil" />

• October 1
  • Cariba Heine, Australian actress and performer
  • Nemanja Matić, Serbian footballer
• October 3
  • ASAP Rocky, American rapper and music video director¹⁸⁶
  • Alicia Vikander, Swedish actress¹⁸⁷
• October 4
  • Melissa Benoist, American actress and singer¹⁸⁸
  • Derrick Rose, American basketball player¹⁸⁹
• October 5 – Sam Warburton, Welsh rugby union player¹⁹⁰
• October 7 – Diego Costa, Spanish footballer
• October 15 – Mesut Özil, German football player
• October 17 – Marina Salas, Spanish actress
• October 20
  • Ma Long, Chinese table tennis player¹⁹¹
  • Candice Swanepoel, South African supermodel
• October 21
  • Blanca Suárez, Spanish actress¹⁹²
  • Hope Hicks, American public relations consultant, White House Communications Director¹⁹³
  • Glen Powell, American actor
• October 22 – Parineeti Chopra, Indian actress¹⁹⁴
• October 31 – Sébastien Buemi, Swiss racing driver¹⁹⁵

November

<figure> <img src="Emma_Stone_at_the_39th_Mill_Valley_Film_Festival_(cropped).jpg" title="Emma Stone" width="100" alt="Emma Stone" /> <figcaption aria-hidden="true"><a href="Emma_Stone" title="wikilink">Emma Stone</a></figcaption> </figure>

• November 1 – Scott Arfield, Scottish footballer¹⁹⁶
• November 2 – Julia Görges, German tennis player¹⁹⁷
• November 5 – Virat Kohli, Indian international cricketer¹⁹⁸
• November 6
  • Emma Stone, American actress¹⁹⁹
  • Conchita Wurst, Austrian singer, Eurovision Song Contest 2014 winner²⁰⁰
• November 7
  • Alexandr Dolgopolov, Ukrainian tennis player²⁰¹
  • Elsa Hosk, Swedish model
  • Tinie Tempah, English rapper²⁰²
• November 8
  • Makwan Amirkhani, Iranian-Finnish mixed martial artist²⁰³
  • Jessica Lowndes, Canadian actress and singer²⁰⁴
• November 12 – Russell Westbrook, American basketball player²⁰⁵
• November 15 – B.o.B., American rapper, singer, record producer and conspiracy theorist
• November 19 – Patrick Kane, American ice hockey player²⁰⁶
• November 20 – Dušan Tadić, Serbian footballer
• November 23 – Juha-Pekka Inkeröinen, Finnish football player
• November 26 – Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson, Icelandic strongman and actor²⁰⁷
• November 29 – Russell Wilson, American football player²⁰⁸
• November 30
  • Rebecca Rittenhouse American actress
  • Phillip Hughes, Australian cricketer (d. 2014)²⁰⁹

December

<img src="Zoe_Kravitz_2020_dvna_studio_2.jpg" title="Zoë Kravitz" width="100" alt="Zoë Kravitz" /> <img src="David_Rudisha_Beijing_2015.jpg" title="David Rudisha" width="100" alt="David Rudisha" /> <img src="Vanessa_Hudgens_-_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg" title="Vanessa Hudgens" width="100" alt="Vanessa Hudgens" />

• December 1
  • Tyler Joseph, American singer²¹⁰
  • Zoë Kravitz, American actress, singer and model²¹¹²¹²
• December 2 – Alfred Enoch, British actor²¹³
• December 4 – Mario Maurer, Thai model and actor²¹⁴
• December 6 – Sandra Nurmsalu, Estonian musician²¹⁵
• December 7
  • Nathan Adrian, American Olympic swimmer²¹⁶²¹⁷
  • Emily Browning, Australian actress²¹⁸
• December 9 – Kwadwo Asamoah, Ghanaian footballer²¹⁹
• December 10 – Wilfried Bony, Ivorian footballer²²⁰
• December 14
  • Nicolas Batum, French basketball player²²¹
  • Vanessa Hudgens, American actress and singer²²²
• December 16
  • Mats Hummels, German footballer²²³²²⁴
  • Park Seo-joon, South Korean actor and singer²²⁵
• December 17
  • David Rudisha, Kenyan middle-distance runner²²⁶²²⁷
  • Rin Takanashi, Japanese film and television actress²²⁸
• December 19 – Alexis Sánchez, Chilean footballer²²⁹
• December 25 – Marco Mengoni, Italian singer-songwriter²³⁰
• December 27 – Hayley Williams, American singer²³¹

Deaths

January–February

<img src="Rose_Ausländer_(1914).jpg" title="Rose Ausländer" width="100" alt="Rose Ausländer" /> <img src="第7任總統蔣經國先生玉照.jpg" title="Chiang Ching-kuo" width="100" alt="Chiang Ching-kuo" /> <img src="Richard_Feynman_Nobel.jpg" title="Richard Feynman" width="100" alt="Richard Feynman" />

• January 2 – E. B. Ford, British geneticist (b. 1901)²³²
• January 3
  • Gaston Eyskens, Belgian politician, 35th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1905)²³³
  • Rose Ausländer, German poet (b. 1901)²³⁴
• January 5 – Pete Maravich, American basketball player (b. 1947)²³⁵
• January 7 – Trevor Howard, English actor (b. 1913)²³⁶
• January 11 – Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1898)²³⁷
• January 13 – Chiang Ching-kuo, Chinese politician, 3rd President of the Republic of China (b. 1910)²³⁸
• January 14 – Georgy Malenkov, Soviet politician, 5th Prime Minister of the Soviet Union (b. 1902)²³⁹
• January 15 – Seán MacBride, Irish Republican Army leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1904)²⁴⁰
• January 20 – Philippe de Rothschild, French vineyard owner (b. 1902)²⁴¹
• January 25 – Colleen Moore, American actress (b. 1899)²⁴²
• January 28 – Klaus Fuchs, German-British physicist and spy (b. 1911)²⁴³
• February 5 – Emeric Pressburger, Hungarian-British film producer (b. 1902)²⁴⁴
• February 6 – Carmen Polo, wife of Francisco Franco (b. 1900)²⁴⁵
• February 13 – Léon Goossens, British oboist (b. 1897)²⁴⁶
• February 14 – Frederick Loewe, Austrian-American composer (b. 1901)²⁴⁷
• February 15 – Richard Feynman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)²⁴⁸
• February 19
  • René Char, French poet (b. 1907)²⁴⁹
  • André Frédéric Cournand, French-American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1895)²⁵⁰

March–April

<img src="Kurt_Georg_Kiesinger_(Nürburgring,_1969).jpg" title="Kurt Georg Kiesinger" width="100" alt="Kurt Georg Kiesinger" /> <img src="William_McMahon_1966.jpg" title="Sir William McMahon" width="100" alt="Sir William McMahon" />

• March 3 – Lois Wilson, American actress (b. 1894)²⁵¹
• March 7 – Divine, American singer and actor (b. 1945)²⁵²
• March 8 – Henryk Szeryng, Polish-born violinist (b. 1918)²⁵³
• March 9 – Kurt Georg Kiesinger, German politician, 28th Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) (b. 1904)
• March 10
  • Andy Gibb, English singer, songwriter, performer, and teen idol (b. 1958)²⁵⁴
  • Phạm Hùng, 3rd Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1912)²⁵⁵
• March 11
  • Rashid Bakr, 10th Prime Minister of Sudan (b. 1930)
  • Abdullahi Issa, Somalian politician, 1st Prime Minister of Somalia (b. 1922)
• March 29 – Dulcie September, South African ANC activist (b. 1935; assassinated).²⁵⁶
• March 30 – Edgar Faure, French politician, 69th Prime Minister of France (b. 1908)²⁵⁷
• March 31 – Sir William McMahon, Australian politician, 20th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1908)²⁵⁸
• April 12 – Alan Paton, South African author (b. 1903)²⁵⁹
• April 17 – Louise Nevelson, Ukrainian-American sculptor (b. 1900)²⁶⁰
• April 18 – Pierre Desproges, French humorist (b. 1939)²⁶¹
• April 21
  • I. A. L. Diamond, American screenwriter (b. 1920)²⁶²
  • Princess Nadejda Petrovna of Russia (b. 1898)
• April 23 – Michael Ramsey, British Anglican bishop, 100th Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1904)²⁶³
• April 26
  • Valerie Solanas, American author (b. 1936)²⁶⁴
  • Valery Legasov, Soviet chemist, chief of the Chernobyl disaster investigation commission (b. 1936)²⁶⁵
• April 28 – Fenner Brockway, British politician and anti-war activist (b. 1888)²⁶⁶

May–June

<img src="heinlein-face.jpg" title="Robert A. Heinlein" width="100" alt="Robert A. Heinlein" /> <img src="Giuseppe_Saragat.jpg" title="Giuseppe Saragat" width="100" alt="Giuseppe Saragat" />

• May 3
  • Premendra Mitra, Indian poet, writer and film director (b. 1904)²⁶⁷
  • Lev Pontryagin, Russian mathematician (b. 1908)²⁶⁸
• May 8 – Robert A. Heinlein, American science fiction author (b. 1907)²⁶⁹
• May 10 – Shen Congwen, Chinese writer (b. 1902)²⁷⁰
• May 11 – Kim Philby, British spy (b. 1912)²⁷¹
• May 13 – Chet Baker, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1929)²⁷²
• May 14 – Willem Drees, Dutch politician and historian, 30th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1886)²⁷³
• May 15 – Greta Nissen, Norwegian-born actress (b. 1905)²⁷⁴
• May 21 – Dino Grandi, Italian politician (b. 1895)²⁷⁵
• May 27 – Ernst Ruska, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)²⁷⁶
• May 29 – Siaka Stevens, 3rd Prime Minister of Sierra Leone and 1st President of Sierra Leone (b. 1905)²⁷⁷
• May 30 – Ella Raines, American actress (b. 1920)²⁷⁸
• June 2 – Raj Kapoor, Indian actor, producer and director (b. 1924)²⁷⁹
• June 10 – Louis L'Amour, American writer (b. 1908)²⁸⁰
• June 11 – Giuseppe Saragat, Italian politician, 5th President of Italy (b. 1898)²⁸¹
• June 26 – Hans Urs von Balthasar, Swiss theologian and Catholic priest (b. 1905)²⁸²
• June 27 – Aparicio Méndez, former President of Uruguay (b. 1904)²⁸³

July–August

<img src="Nico_at_Lampeter_University_-_November_1985_%281%29.jpg" title="Nico" width="100" alt="Nico" /> <img src="Enzo_Ferrari_-_Wheel_of_a_racing_car.jpg" title="Enzo Ferrari" width="100" alt="Enzo Ferrari" /> <img src="Jack_Marshall,_1972.jpg" title="Jack Marshall" width="100" alt="Jack Marshall" />

• July 8
  • Ray Barbuti, American athlete (b. 1905)²⁸⁴
  • Ranjit Khanwilkar, Indian cricketer (b. 1960)
• July 12 – Joshua Logan, American stage and film director (b. 1908)²⁸⁵
• July 18 – Nico, German rock musician, fashion model, actress and Warhol socialite (b. 1938)²⁸⁶
• July 27
  • Brigitte Horney, German actress (b. 1901)²⁸⁷
  • Frank Zamboni, American inventor (b. 1901)²⁸⁸
• August 1
  • Florence Eldridge, American actress (b. 1901)²⁸⁹
  • Georges Wambst, French cyclist (b. 1902)²⁹⁰
• August 2 – Raymond Carver, American short-story writer and poet (b. 1938)²⁹¹
• August 6 – Anatoly Levchenko, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1941)²⁹²
• August 9 – Ramón Valdés, Mexican actor, comedian, songwriter and entrepreneur (b. 1923)²⁹³
• August 10 – Arnulfo Arias, Panamanian politician, 3-time President of Panama (b. 1901)
• August 11 – Anne Ramsey, American actress (b. 1929)²⁹⁴
• August 12 – Jean-Michel Basquiat, American musician/graffiti painter (b. 1960)²⁹⁵
• August 14 – Enzo Ferrari, Italian car maker (b. 1898)²⁹⁶
• August 15 - Viktor Tsoi, Russian rock artist and lead singer of the band Kino (b. 1962)²⁹⁷
• August 17 – Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, 6th President of Pakistan (b. 1924)²⁹⁸
• August 19 – Sir Frederick Ashton, choreographer (b. 1904)²⁹⁹
• August 20 – Lazarus Salii, 3rd President of Palau (b. 1936)³⁰⁰
• August 25 – Françoise Dolto, French physician and psychoanalyst (b. 1908)³⁰¹
• August 28 – Paul Grice, British philosopher (b. 1913)³⁰²
• August 30 – Jack Marshall, 28th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1912)³⁰³

September–October

<img src="Luis_Walter_Alvarez_1961.jpg" title="Luis Walter Alvarez" width="100" alt="Luis Walter Alvarez" /> <img src="Franz_Josef_Strauß_1982.jpg" title="Franz Josef Strauss" width="100" alt="Franz Josef Strauss" />

• September 1 – Luis Walter Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)³⁰⁴
• September 5 – Gert Fröbe, German actor (b. 1913)³⁰⁵
• September 12 – Roger Hargreaves, English author (b. 1935)³⁰⁶
• September 18 – Alan Watt, Australian public servant (b. 1901)³⁰⁷
• September 28 – Charles Addams, American cartoonist (b. 1912)³⁰⁸
• September 30 – Trường Chinh, Vietnamese political leader, 3rd President of Vietnam (b. 1907)³⁰⁹
• October 2
  • Hamengkubuwono IX, 9th Sultan of Yogyakarta and 2nd Vice President of Indonesia (b. 1912)³¹⁰
  • Alec Issigonis, Greek-British engineer (b. 1906)³¹¹
• October 3 – Franz Josef Strauss, German politician (b. 1915)³¹²
• October 9
  • Jackie Milburn, English footballer (b. 1924)
  • Felix Wankel, German mechanical engineer (b. 1902)³¹³
• October 10 – Juan Pujol García ('Garbo'), Spanish Catalan-born double agent (b. 1912)³¹⁴
• October 11 – Bonita Granville, American actress (b. 1923)³¹⁵
• October 16 – Queen Farida of Egypt, consort of King Farouk of Egypt (b. 1921)³¹⁶
• October 19 – Son House, American musician (b. 1902)³¹⁷
• October 22 – Henry Armstrong, American boxer (b. 1912)³¹⁸
• October 29
  • Thomas Cooray, Sri Lankan Roman Catholic archbishop and servant of God (b. 1901)³¹⁹
  • Nataša Gollová, Czech actress (b. 1912)³²⁰
• October 31 – John Houseman, Romanian-American actor and producer (b. 1902)³²¹

November–December

<img src="Takeo_Miki_19741209.jpg" title="Takeo Miki" width="100" alt="Takeo Miki" /> <img src="Irmgard_Seefried_(1962).jpg" title="Irmgard Seefried" width="100" alt="Irmgard Seefried" /> <img src="Roy_Orbison_(1965).jpg" title="Roy Orbison" width="100" alt="Roy Orbison" />

• November 4 – Hermann Graf, German fighter ace (b. 1912)³²²
• November 13 – Antal Doráti, Hungarian conductor (b. 1906)³²³
• November 14 – Takeo Miki, Japanese politician, 41st Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1907)³²⁴
• November 15 – Mona Washbourne, English actress (b. 1903)³²⁵
• November 19 – Christina Onassis, American shipping magnate (b. 1950)³²⁶
• November 22
  • Luis Barragán, Mexican architect (b. 1902)³²⁷
  • Raymond Dart, Australian anatomist and anthropologist (b. 1893)³²⁸
• November 24 – Irmgard Seefried, German operatic soprano (b. 1919)³²⁹
• November 25
  • Alphaeus Philemon Cole, American artist, engraver, etcher and supercentenarian (b. 1876)³³⁰
  • Muhammad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi prince (b. 1910)
• November 27
  • John Carradine, American actor (b. 1906)³³¹
  • Takieddin el-Solh, Lebanese politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1908)³³²
• December 6 – Roy Orbison, American rock musician (b. 1936)³³³
• December 10 – Richard S. Castellano, American actor (b. 1933)³³⁴
• December 21 – Nikolaas Tinbergen, Dutch ornithologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1907)³³⁵
• December 22 – Chico Mendes, Brazilian environmental activist (murdered) (b. 1944)³³⁶
• December 27 – Hal Ashby, American film director (b. 1929)³³⁷

Nobel Prizes

<figure> <img src="Nobel_medal.png" title="Nobel_medal.png" width="100" alt="Nobel_medal.png" /> <figcaption aria-hidden="true">Nobel_medal.png</figcaption> </figure>

• Physics – Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger
• Chemistry – Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel
• Medicine – Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings
• Literature – Naguib Mahfouz
• Peace – The United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces
• The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel – Maurice Allais

References

Original source: 1988. Shared with Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License

Footnotes

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